Idan ya zo ga fasahar turbocharging, yawancin masu sha'awar mota sun saba da ka'idar aiki. Tana amfani da iskar gas din da injin ke fitar da shi wajen fitar da injin turbine, wanda hakan ke fitar da injin damfara, wanda hakan ke kara yawan iskar injin din. Wannan a ƙarshe yana inganta haɓakar konewa da ƙarfin fitarwa na injin konewa na ciki.
Fasahar Turbocharging tana ba da damar injunan konewa na ciki na zamani don cimma nasarar samar da wutar lantarki mai gamsarwa yayin da rage matsugunin injin tare da cika ka'idojin fitar da hayaki. Kamar yadda fasahar ta haɓaka, nau'ikan tsarin haɓaka iri-iri sun fito, kamar turbo guda ɗaya, tagwayen turbo, caji mai ƙarfi, da wutar lantarki.
A yau, za mu yi magana game da shahararriyar fasahar cajin caji.
Me yasa supercharging yake wanzu? Babban dalilin ci gaban supercharging shine don magance matsalar "turbo lag" da aka saba samu a cikin turbochargers na yau da kullun. Lokacin da injin ke aiki a ƙananan RPMs, makamashin shaye-shaye bai isa ya gina matsi mai kyau a cikin turbo ba, yana haifar da jinkirin hanzari da isar da wutar lantarki mara daidaituwa.
Don magance wannan matsala, injiniyoyin kera motoci sun samar da mafita iri-iri, kamar sanya injin da turbo guda biyu. Karamin turbo yana ba da haɓakawa a ƙananan RPMs, kuma da zarar saurin injin ya ƙaru, ya canza zuwa turbo mafi girma don ƙarin iko.
Wasu masu kera motoci sun maye gurbin turbochargers masu fitar da al'ada da turbos na lantarki, wanda ke haɓaka lokacin amsawa da kawar da laka, yana ba da saurin sauri da sauƙi.
Sauran masu kera motoci sun haɗa turbo kai tsaye zuwa injin, suna ƙirƙirar fasahar caji mai girma. Wannan hanyar tana tabbatar da cewa an ba da haɓakar nan take, saboda injin ɗin yana motsa shi da injina, yana kawar da laka mai alaƙa da turbos na gargajiya.
Fasahar caji mai ɗaukaka sau ɗaya tana zuwa cikin manyan nau'ikan manyan caja uku: Tushen superchargers, Lysholm (ko screw) superchargers, da manyan caja na centrifugal. A cikin motocin fasinja, mafi yawan tsarin cajin na'urori suna amfani da ƙirar centrifugal supercharger saboda ingancinsa da halayensa.
Ka'idar supercharger na centrifugal yayi kama da na turbocharger na gargajiya na gargajiya, kamar yadda duka tsarin biyu ke amfani da injin turbine don jawo iska zuwa cikin kwampreso don haɓakawa. Koyaya, babban bambanci shine, maimakon dogaro da iskar gas don fitar da injin turbine, babban caja na centrifugal yana aiki kai tsaye ta injin kanta. Muddin injin yana aiki, babban cajin na iya samar da haɓaka koyaushe, ba tare da iyakancewa da adadin iskar gas ɗin da ke akwai ba. Wannan yana kawar da batun "turbo lag" yadda ya kamata.
A zamanin baya, yawancin masu kera motoci irin su Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Land Rover, Volvo, Nissan, Volkswagen, da Toyota duk sun gabatar da samfura tare da fasahar cajin caji. Koyaya, ba a daɗe ba kafin a yi watsi da babban cajin, musamman saboda dalilai biyu.
Dalili na farko shine manyan caja na amfani da injina. Tun da mashin ɗin injin ke motsa su, suna buƙatar wani yanki na ikon injin ɗin don yin aiki. Wannan ya sa su dace kawai don manyan injunan ƙaura, inda asarar wutar lantarki ba ta da kyau.
Misali, injin V8 mai karfin dawakai 400 na iya kara karfin dawaki 500 ta hanyar caji mai karfin gaske. Duk da haka, injin 2.0L mai ƙarfin dawakai 200 zai yi gwagwarmaya don isa dawakai 300 ta amfani da babban caja, saboda amfani da wutar lantarki da supercharger zai yi amfani da shi sosai. A cikin yanayin yanayin motoci na yau, inda manyan injunan ƙaura ke ƙara zama mai wuya saboda ƙa'idodin fitar da hayaki da ingantaccen buƙatun, sararin fasahar cajin ya ragu sosai.
Dalili na biyu shine tasirin motsi zuwa wutar lantarki. Motoci da yawa waɗanda tun da farko suna amfani da fasahar cajin caji yanzu sun koma tsarin turbocharging na lantarki. Turbochargers na lantarki suna ba da lokutan amsawa da sauri, mafi inganci, kuma suna iya aiki ba tare da ikon injin ba, yana mai da su zaɓi mai jan hankali a cikin yanayin haɓakar haɓakawa ga matasan da motocin lantarki.
Misali, motoci irin su Audi Q5 da Volvo XC90, har ma da Land Rover Defender, wanda ya taba rike nau’insa na V8 supercharged, sun kawar da cajin injina. Ta hanyar ba da injin turbo tare da injin lantarki, aikin tuƙi na turbine ana mika shi ga injin lantarki, yana ba da damar isar da cikakken ikon injin ɗin kai tsaye zuwa ƙafafun. Wannan ba kawai yana hanzarta aiwatar da haɓakawa ba har ma yana kawar da buƙatar injin don sadaukar da wutar lantarki don babban caja, yana ba da fa'ida biyu na saurin amsawa da ingantaccen amfani da wutar lantarki.
takaitawa
A halin yanzu, manyan motoci masu caji suna ƙara zama da wuya a kasuwa. Koyaya, akwai jita-jita cewa Ford Mustang na iya nuna injin 5.2L V8, tare da caji mai yuwuwa yana dawowa. Yayin da yanayin ya koma kan fasahar lantarki da turbocharging, har yanzu akwai yuwuwar babban cajin injina ya dawo cikin takamaiman samfura masu inganci.
Babban cajin injina, da zarar an yi la'akari da keɓantacce ga samfuran ƙarshen ƙarshe, da alama wani abu ne wasu kamfanonin mota ke son ƙara ambatar, kuma tare da halakar manyan samfuran ƙaura, babban cajin inji na iya daina zama.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-06-2024
