Zikafika paukadaulo wa turbocharging, okonda magalimoto ambiri amadziwa bwino ntchito yake. Imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wa injini poyendetsa masamba a turbine, omwe amayendetsa mpweya wa kompresa, ndikuwonjezera mpweya wa injini. Izi pamapeto pake zimathandizira kuyaka bwino komanso mphamvu zotulutsa za injini yoyaka mkati.
Ukadaulo wa Turbocharging umalola ma injini amakono oyatsira mkati kuti akwaniritse mphamvu zokhutiritsa ndikuchepetsa kusuntha kwa injini ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yotulutsa mpweya. Pomwe ukadaulo wakula, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolimbikitsira yatulukira, monga turbo imodzi, twin-turbo, supercharging, ndi turbocharging yamagetsi.
Lero, tikambirana zaukadaulo wodziwika bwino wa supercharging.
Chifukwa chiyani supercharging ilipo? Chifukwa chachikulu chopangira ma supercharging ndikuthana ndi vuto la "turbo lag" lomwe limapezeka kawirikawiri mu ma turbocharger. Injini ikagwira ntchito pama RPM otsika, mphamvu yotulutsa sikwanira kuti ipangitse kuthamanga kwabwino mu turbo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchedwetsedwe komanso kutulutsa mphamvu kosagwirizana.
Kuti athetse vutoli, mainjiniya amagalimoto adabwera ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kupatsa injini ma turbos awiri. Turbo yaying'ono imapereka mphamvu pama RPM otsika, ndipo liwiro la injini likangowonjezereka, limasinthira ku turbo yayikulu kuti ipeze mphamvu zambiri.
Opanga ma automaker ena asintha ma turbocharger omwe amayendetsedwa ndi utsi wanthawi zonse ndi ma turbo amagetsi, omwe amathandizira kwambiri nthawi yoyankhira ndikuchotsa kuchedwa, kupereka kuthamanga kwachangu komanso kosavuta.
Opanga ma automaker ena alumikiza turbo mwachindunji ku injini, ndikupanga ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Njirayi imawonetsetsa kuti chiwonjezekocho chimaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chimayendetsedwa ndi injini, ndikuchotsa kutsalira komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi ma turbos achikhalidwe.
Ukadaulo wodziwika bwino wa supercharging umabwera m'mitundu itatu ikuluikulu: Roots supercharger, Lysholm (kapena screw) supercharger, ndi centrifugal supercharger. M'magalimoto onyamula anthu, makina ambiri opangira ma supercharger amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a centrifugal supercharger chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Mfundo ya centrifugal supercharger ndi yofanana ndi ya turbocharger yachikhalidwe, popeza makina onsewa amagwiritsa ntchito ma turbine ma turbines kuti akoke mpweya mu kompresa kuti ukulitse. Komabe, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti, m'malo modalira mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuti uyendetse turbine, centrifugal supercharger imayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi injini yokha. Malingana ngati injini ikuyenda, supercharger imatha kupereka mphamvu nthawi zonse, popanda kuchepetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka. Izi zimathetsa bwino nkhani ya "turbo lag".
Kalelo, opanga magalimoto ambiri monga Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Land Rover, Volvo, Nissan, Volkswagen, ndi Toyota onse adayambitsa mitundu yokhala ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, sipanatenge nthawi kuti supercharging idasiyidwa, makamaka pazifukwa ziwiri.
Chifukwa choyamba ndi chakuti ma supercharger amadya mphamvu ya injini. Popeza zimayendetsedwa ndi crankshaft ya injini, zimafuna gawo la mphamvu ya injiniyo kuti igwire ntchito. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kumainjini akuluakulu osamutsidwa, pomwe kutayika kwa mphamvu sikukuwonekera.
Mwachitsanzo, injini ya V8 yokhala ndi mphamvu zovoteledwa ndi 400 ndiyamphamvu imatha kukwezedwa mpaka 500 ndiyamphamvu kudzera pakuwotcha kwambiri. Komabe, injini ya 2.0L yokhala ndi mahatchi 200 ingavutike kuti ifike pamahatchi 300 pogwiritsa ntchito supercharger, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi supercharger kungachepetse phindu lalikulu. M'malo amasiku ano amagalimoto, pomwe ma injini akulu akuchulukirachulukira akusoweka chifukwa cha malamulo otulutsa mpweya komanso kufunikira kokwanira, malo opangira ukadaulo wapamwamba achepa kwambiri.
Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwa magetsi. Magalimoto ambiri omwe poyamba ankagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa supercharging tsopano asinthira kumagetsi amagetsi opangira ma turbocharging. Ma turbocharger amagetsi amapereka nthawi yoyankhira mwachangu, kuchita bwino kwambiri, ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito mosadalira mphamvu ya injiniyo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osangalatsa kwambiri potengera kukula kwa magalimoto osakanizidwa ndi magetsi.
Mwachitsanzo, magalimoto monga Audi Q5 ndi Volvo XC90, ngakhale Land Rover Defender, yomwe idagwirapo pamtundu wake wa V8 wowonjezera, yasiya kuyitanitsa mawotchi. Pogwiritsa ntchito turbo ndi injini yamagetsi, ntchito yoyendetsa makina a turbine imaperekedwa kwa injini yamagetsi, kuti mphamvu zonse za injini ziperekedwe mwachindunji ku mawilo. Izi sizimangowonjezera njira yolimbikitsira komanso zimachotsa kufunikira kwa injini kuti ipereke mphamvu kwa supercharger, kupereka phindu lapawiri la kuyankha mwachangu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera.
ummary
Pakadali pano, magalimoto okwera kwambiri akukhala osowa kwambiri pamsika. Komabe, pali mphekesera kuti Ford Mustang angakhale ndi 5.2L V8 injini, ndi supercharging mwina kupanga kubwerera. Ngakhale kuti ukadaulo wasinthira kuukadaulo wamagetsi ndi turbocharging, pali mwayi woti mawotchi apamwamba abwererenso m'mitundu yogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Kuchulukirachulukira kumakina, komwe kumaganiziridwa kuti ndiapamwamba kwambiri, kukuwoneka kuti ndi zina zomwe makampani amagalimoto ochepa angafune kutchulanso, ndipo chifukwa chakutha kwa mitundu ikuluikulu yothamangitsidwa, mawotchi apamwamba atha kutha posachedwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-06-2024
