Ku bijyanye na tekinoroji ya turbocharge, abakunda imodoka benshi bamenyereye ihame ryakazi. Ikoresha imyuka ya moteri ya moteri kugirango itware ibyuma bya turbine, nayo igatwara compressor de air, byongera umwuka wa moteri. Ibi birangiza bitezimbere gutwika no gusohora imbaraga za moteri yimbere.
Tekinoroji ya Turbocharging ituma moteri yimbere igezweho kugirango igere kumusaruro ushimishije mugihe ugabanya kwimura moteri no kubahiriza ibipimo byangiza. Uko ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere, hagaragaye ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu zo kongera imbaraga, nka turbo imwe, twin-turbo, supercharge, hamwe na turbucarike.
Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga kubijyanye na tekinoroji izwi cyane.
Kuki kwishyurwa birenze? Impamvu yibanze yiterambere ryikirenga ni ugukemura ikibazo cya "turbo lag" gikunze kuboneka muri turbo zisanzwe. Iyo moteri ikora kuri RPM nkeya, ingufu zumuriro ntizihagije kugirango zubake umuvuduko mwiza muri turbo, bikaviramo kwihuta gutinda no gutanga amashanyarazi ataringaniye.
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, abashinzwe ibinyabiziga bazanye ibisubizo bitandukanye, nko guha moteri moteri ebyiri. Turbo ntoya itanga imbaraga kuri RPM nkeya, kandi iyo moteri imaze kwiyongera, ihinduka kuri turbo nini kugirango imbaraga nyinshi.
Bamwe mu bakora amamodoka basimbuye amashyanyarazi asanzwe ya turbocharger hamwe na turbos z'amashanyarazi, bitezimbere cyane igihe cyo gusubiza no gukuraho gutinda, bitanga kwihuta kandi byoroshye.
Abandi bakora amamodoka bahujije turbo na moteri, bakora tekinoroji yo hejuru. Ubu buryo buteganya ko imbaraga zitangwa ako kanya, kuko zikoreshwa na moteri, zikuraho ubukererwe bujyanye na turbos gakondo.
Ikoranabuhanga ryigeze kuba ryiza cyane riza muburyo butatu bwingenzi: Imizi ya supercharger, Imizi ya Lysholm (cyangwa screw), hamwe na suprifugal centrifugal. Mu binyabiziga bitwara abagenzi, igice kinini cya sisitemu yo kwishyuza ikoresha igishushanyo mbonera cya centrifugal bitewe nubushobozi bwacyo nibiranga imikorere.
Ihame rya supercharger ya centrifugal isa niy'umucyo usanzwe wa turbocharger, kuko sisitemu zombi zikoresha ibyuma bizunguruka kugirango zikurura umwuka muri compressor kugirango uzamure. Ariko, itandukaniro ryingenzi nuko, aho kwishingikiriza kuri gaze ya gaze kugirango itware turbine, supercharger ya centrifugal ikoreshwa na moteri ubwayo. Igihe cyose moteri ikora, supercharger irashobora guhora itanga imbaraga, bitabujije ubwinshi bwa gaze ya gaze iboneka. Ibi bikuraho neza ikibazo "turbo lag".
Kera, abakora amamodoka menshi nka Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Land Rover, Volvo, Nissan, Volkswagen, na Toyota bose berekanye imideli hamwe nikoranabuhanga rirenga. Ariko, ntibyatinze mbere yuko kwishyurwa birenze urugero ahanini kubera impamvu ebyiri.
Impamvu yambere nuko superchargers ikoresha ingufu za moteri. Kubera ko batwarwa na moteri ya moteri, bakeneye igice cyimbaraga za moteri kugirango ikore. Ibi bituma bibera gusa kuri moteri nini zo kwimura, aho gutakaza ingufu bitagaragara.
Kurugero, moteri ya V8 ifite ingufu zingana na 400 zinguvu zirashobora kuzamurwa kugeza kuri 500 mbaraga zinyuze mumashanyarazi. Nyamara, moteri ya 2.0L ifite ingufu za 200 zinguvu zagerageza kugera ku mbaraga za mbaraga 300 ukoresheje supercharger, kubera ko ingufu zikoreshwa na supercharger zasibanganya inyungu nyinshi. Muri iki gihe imiterere yimodoka, aho moteri nini zo kwimuka zigenda ziba imbonekarimwe kubera amabwiriza y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hamwe n’ibisabwa neza, umwanya w’ikoranabuhanga rirenze urugero wagabanutse cyane.
Impamvu ya kabiri ningaruka zo guhinduka kugana amashanyarazi. Imodoka nyinshi zabanje gukoresha tekinoroji ya supercharge ubu zahinduye sisitemu yo kwishyuza amashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi ya turbocharger atanga ibihe byihuse byo gusubiza, gukora neza, kandi birashobora gukora bitagendeye kububasha bwa moteri, bigatuma bahitamo uburyo bushimishije murwego rwo kwiyongera kwerekeza kubinyabiziga bivangavanze n'amashanyarazi.
Kurugero, ibinyabiziga nka Audi Q5 na Volvo XC90, ndetse na Land Rover Defender, bigeze gufata kuri verisiyo yacyo ya V8, byahagaritse kwishyuza imashini. Mugukoresha turbo na moteri yamashanyarazi, umurimo wo gutwara ibyuma bya turbine uhabwa moteri yamashanyarazi, bigatuma moteri yuzuye igezwa kumuziga. Ibi ntabwo byihutisha inzira yo kuzamura gusa ahubwo binakuraho gukenera moteri yo gutamba ingufu za supercharger, bitanga inyungu ebyiri zo gusubiza byihuse no gukoresha ingufu neza.
ummary
Kugeza ubu, ibinyabiziga birenze urugero biragenda biba imbonekarimwe ku isoko. Ariko, hari ibihuha bivuga ko Ford Mustang ishobora kuba ifite moteri ya 5.2L V8, hamwe n’ikirenga birashoboka ko yagaruka. Mugihe icyerekezo cyahindutse kijyanye na tekinoroji yamashanyarazi na turbucarike, haracyari amahirwe yo kwishyuza imashini kugaruka muburyo bwihariye bwo gukora cyane.
Amashanyarazi arenze urugero, amaze gufatwa nkayandi ma moderi yo hejuru, asa nkaho ari ibintu bike mumasosiyete yimodoka yiteguye kuvuga ibindi, kandi hamwe no kurangira kwimodoka nini zo kwimuka, kwishyuza imashini birashobora kuba bitakiriho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-06-2024
