Xa kufikwa kwitekhnoloji ye-turbocharging, abantu abaninzi abathanda iimoto baqhelene nomgaqo wayo wokusebenza. Isebenzisa iigesi eziphumayo ze-injini ukuqhuba iincakuba zeinjini yomoya, ezithi nazo ziqhube isicinezeli somoya, esonyusa umoya othathayo we-injini. Oku ekugqibeleni kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye negunya lemveliso ye-injini yokutshisa yangaphakathi.
Itekhnoloji yeTurbocharging ivumela iinjini zanamhlanje zokutsha zangaphakathi ukuba zifezekise imveliso yamandla eyonelisayo ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukufuduswa kwe-injini kunye nokudibana nemigangatho yokukhupha. Njengoko itekhnoloji iphuhlile, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokunyusa ziye zavela, njenge-turbo enye, i-twin-turbo, i-supercharging, kunye ne-turbocharging yombane.
Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngeteknoloji eyaziwayo yokutshaja.
Kutheni kukho i-supercharging? Esona sizathu siphambili sophuhliso lwe-supercharging kukulungisa umba "we-turbo lag" oqhele ukufunyanwa kwii-turbocharger eziqhelekileyo. Xa i-injini isebenza kwii-RPM eziphantsi, amandla okuphelelwa amandla akonelanga ukwakha uxinzelelo olulungileyo kwi-turbo, okukhokelela ekukhawuleziseni ukulibaziseka kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla angalingani.
Ukusombulula le ngxaki, iinjineli zeemoto zeza nezisombululo ezahlukeneyo, njengokuxhobisa i-injini ngee-turbos ezimbini. I-turbo encinci inika amandla kwii-RPM eziphantsi, kwaye nje ukuba isantya se-injini sinyuke, sitshintshela kwi-turbo enkulu ukuze ufumane amandla amaninzi.
Abanye abenzi bee-automakers bathathe indawo yee-turbocharger eziqhutywa ngokwesiqhelo nge-turbos zombane, eziphucula kakhulu ixesha lokuphendula kwaye ziphelise i-lag, zibonelela ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza.
Abanye abenzi bee-automakers baqhagamshele i-turbo ngqo kwi-injini, besenza itekhnoloji yokutshaja kakhulu. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba ukunyuswa kuhanjiswe ngokukhawuleza, njengoko kuqhutywa ngoomatshini yi-injini, ukuphelisa i-lag ehambelana ne-turbos yendabuko.
Itekhnoloji yokutshaja ye-supercharging eyayikhe yakhazimla iza kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili: ii-Roots supercharger, i-Lysholm (okanye i-screw) yee-supercharger, kunye nee-centrifugal supercharger. Kwizithuthi zabakhweli, uninzi lweenkqubo zokutshaja kakhulu zisebenzisa uyilo lwe-centrifugal supercharger ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kunye neempawu zokusebenza.
Umthetho-siseko we-centrifugal supercharger uyafana naleyo ye-exhaust turbocharger, njengoko zombini izixokelelwano zisebenzisa iiblade zeinjini yokusonta ukutsala umoya kwisicinezeli ukuze kunyuswe. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko ophambili kukuba, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwiigesi zokukhupha ukuqhuba i-turbine, i-centrifugal supercharger inikwe amandla ngokuthe ngqo yi-injini ngokwayo. Ngethuba nje injini isebenza, i-supercharger inokubonelela ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokunciphisa umthamo wegesi ephumayo ekhoyo. Oku kuphelisa ngempumelelo umba we "turbo lag".
Emva kwemini, iimoto ezininzi ezifana neMercedes-Benz, Audi, Land Rover, Volvo, Nissan, Volkswagen, kunye neToyota zonke zazisa iimodeli ezinobuchwephesha bokutshaja. Nangona kunjalo, akuzange kube kudala ngaphambi kokuba i-supercharging ishiywe kakhulu, ngenxa yezizathu ezibini.
Isizathu sokuqala kukuba ii-supercharger zidla amandla e-injini. Ekubeni ziqhutywa yi-crankshaft ye-injini, zifuna inxalenye yamandla e-injini ukuze isebenze. Oku kubenza bafanelekele kuphela iinjini ezinkulu zokufuduka, apho ilahleko yamandla ingabonakali kangako.
Umzekelo, i-injini ye-V8 enegunya elilinganisiweyo le-400 yamandla eehashe inokunyuswa ukuya kuma-500 wamandla eehashe ngokutshaja okuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-injini ye-2.0L ene-200 yamandla ehashe iya kulwela ukufikelela kwi-300 yamandla eehashe isebenzisa i-supercharger, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwamandla yi-supercharger kuya kunciphisa inzuzo eninzi. Kwimeko yemoto yanamhlanje, apho iinjini ezinkulu zokufuduswa zisiya zinqabile ngenxa yemithetho yokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye neemfuno ezifanelekileyo, indawo yetekhnoloji yokutshaja kakhulu iye yancipha kakhulu.
Isizathu sesibini yimpembelelo yokutshintshwa kombane. Iimoto ezininzi ebezisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-supercharging ngoku zitshintshele kwiinkqubo zokutshaja zombane. I-turbocharger zombane zibonelela ngamaxesha okuphendula akhawulezayo, ukusebenza kakuhle okukhulu, kwaye zinokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo kumandla e-injini, zizenza zibe lukhetho olunomtsalane ngakumbi kumxholo wendlela ekhulayo yezithuthi ezixubileyo kunye nezombane.
Umzekelo, iimoto ezifana ne-Audi Q5 kunye neVolvo XC90, kunye neLand Rover Defender, ekhe yabambelela kuhlobo lwayo lwe-V8 ephezulu, ziye zayeka ukutshaja. Ngokuxhobisa i-turbo ngemoto yombane, umsebenzi wokuqhuba i-turbine blades unikezelwa kwi-motor motor, evumela ukuba amandla apheleleyo e-injini ahanjiswe ngokuthe ngqo kumavili. Oku akukhawulezisi nje inkqubo yokunyusa kodwa kwakhona kuphelisa isidingo se-injini yokuncama amandla kwi-supercharger, ibonelela ngenzuzo ephindwe kabini yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo.
ummary
Okwangoku, iimoto eziphezulu kakhulu ziya zinqabile kwimarike. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amahemuhemu okuba i-Ford Mustang inokuba ne-injini ye-5.2L V8, kunye ne-supercharging mhlawumbi yenza ukubuya. Ngelixa umkhwa utshintshele kwitekhnoloji yombane kunye ne-turbocharging, kusekho ithuba lokutshaja ngoomatshini ukuba babuye kwiimodeli ezithile zokusebenza okuphezulu.
I-Supercharging yoomatshini, ekhe yajongwa njengeyodwa kwiimodeli eziphezulu, kubonakala ngathi yinto ezimbalwa iinkampani zeemoto ezizimisele ukuyikhankanya nakancinci, kwaye ngokuphela kweemodeli ezinkulu zokufuduswa, ukutshaja koomatshini kunokuphela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-06-2024
