Uma kukhulunywa ngobuchwepheshe be-turbocharging, abathandi bezimoto abaningi bayawazi umgomo wayo wokusebenza. Isebenzisa amagesi e-exhaust enjini ukuze ishayele ama-turbine blades, wona ashayelela i-compressor yomoya, okwandisa umoya ongenisa injini. Lokhu ekugcineni kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komlilo namandla okukhipha enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Turbocharging buvumela izinjini zesimanje ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ukuthi zithole ukukhishwa kwamandla owanelisayo ngenkathi zehlisa ukususwa kwenjini kanye nokuhlangabezana namazinga okukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthukile, kuye kwavela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa, njenge-turbo eyodwa, i-twin-turbo, i-supercharging, ne-turbocharging kagesi.
Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obudumile bokushaja okuphezulu.
Kungani kukhona ukushaja okuphezulu? Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kokushaja okukhulu ukubhekana nenkinga "ye-turbo lag" evame ukutholakala kuma-turbocharger avamile. Uma injini isebenza ngama-RPM aphansi, amandla okukhipha amandla awanele ukwakha ingcindezi enhle ku-turbo, okuholela ekubambezelekeni kokusheshisa kanye nokulethwa kwamandla okungalingani.
Ukuxazulula le nkinga, onjiniyela bezimoto baqhamuke nezixazululo ezahlukahlukene, njengokuhlomisa injini ngama-turbo amabili. I-turbo encane inikeza amandla ngama-RPM aphansi, futhi uma isivinini senjini sikhuphuka, ishintshela ku-turbo enkulu ukuze uthole amandla engeziwe.
Abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto bathathele indawo yama-turbocharger aqhutshwa yi-exhaust bafaka ama-turbo kagesi, athuthukisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphendula futhi aqede ukuleleka, ahlinzeke ukusheshisa okusheshayo nokushelelayo.
Abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto baxhume i-turbo ngqo enjinini, nokwenza ubuchwepheshe bokushaja kakhulu. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi i-boost ilethwa ngokushesha, njengoba iqhutshwa injini, isusa ukuleleka okuhlobene nama-turbos endabuko.
Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obukhazimulayo buza ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ama-supercharger e-Roots, ama-supercharger e-Lysholm (noma isikulufu), nama-supercharger angu-centrifugal. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, iningi lezinhlelo zokushaja ezinkulu zisebenzisa idizayini ye-centrifugal supercharger ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo nezici zayo zokusebenza.
Umgomo we-centrifugal supercharger ufana naleyo ye-exhaust turbocharger, njengoba womabili amasistimu asebenzisa ama-spinning turbine blades ukudweba umoya ku-compressor ukuze kukhuliswe. Kodwa-ke, umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi, esikhundleni sokuthembela kumagesi okukhipha umoya ukushayela i-turbine, i-centrifugal supercharger inikwa amandla yinjini ngokwayo. Uma nje injini isebenza, i-supercharger inganikeza amandla njalo, ngaphandle kokunqunyelwa inani legesi yokukhipha etholakalayo. Lokhu kuqeda ngempumelelo inkinga ye- "turbo lag".
Ezikhathini zasendulo, abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi njengeMercedes-Benz, Audi, Land Rover, Volvo, Nissan, Volkswagen, neToyota bonke bethula izinhlobo ezinobuchwepheshe bokushaja. Kodwa-ke, akuphelanga isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ukushaja okuphezulu kuyekwe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili.
Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi ama-supercharger adla amandla enjini. Njengoba zishayelwa yi-crankshaft yenjini, zidinga ingxenye yamandla enjini ukuze zisebenze. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele kuphela izinjini ezinkulu zokuthutha, lapho ukulahleka kwamandla kungabonakali khona.
Isibonelo, injini ye-V8 enamandla alinganiselwe angu-400 wamahhashi ingakhushulwa ibe namandla angu-500 ngokushaja okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, injini engu-2.0L enamandla amahhashi angu-200 izozabalaza ukufinyelela amandla amahhashi angu-300 isebenzisa i-supercharger, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla yi-supercharger kuzonciphisa inzuzo enkulu. Esimeni sanamuhla sezimoto, lapho izinjini ezinkulu zokuthutha ziya ngokuya ziba yivelakancane ngenxa yemithethonqubo yokukhipha umoya kanye nezidingo ezisebenza kahle, isikhala sobuchwepheshe bokushaja kakhulu sehlile kakhulu.
Isizathu sesibili umthelela wokushintshela ekufakeni ugesi. Izimoto eziningi ebezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-supercharging manje sezishintshele kumasistimu kagesi e-turbocharging. Ama-turbocharger kagesi anikeza izikhathi zokuphendula ngokushesha, ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, futhi angasebenza ngaphandle kwamandla enjini, okuwenza abe inketho ekhanga kakhulu esimweni sokukhula kwethrendi ebheke ezimotweni ezixubile nezikagesi.
Isibonelo, izimoto ezifana ne-Audi Q5 neVolvo XC90, ngisho neLand Rover Defender, eyake yabambelela enguqulweni yayo egcwele i-V8, sekuyekile ukushaja ngemishini. Ngokuhlomisa i-turbo nge-motor kagesi, umsebenzi wokushayela ama-turbine blades unikezwa ku-motor kagesi, okuvumela amandla aphelele enjini ukuthi alethwe ngokuqondile emasondweni. Lokhu akusheshisi kuphela inqubo yokuthuthukisa kodwa futhi kuqeda isidingo sokuthi injini idele amandla eshaja enkulu, inikeze inzuzo ekabili yokusabela okusheshayo nokusebenzisa amandla ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana.
ummary
Njengamanje, izimoto ezishajwe kakhulu ziya ngokuya ziba yivelakancane emakethe. Kodwa-ke, kunamahemuhemu okuthi iFord Mustang ingase ibe nenjini engu-5.2L V8, ene-supercharging okungenzeka ibuye. Nakuba ukuthambekela sekushintshele kubuchwepheshe bukagesi kanye ne-turbocharging, kusenethuba lokuthi ukushaja okuphezulu komshini kubuye kumamodeli athile asebenza kahle kakhulu.
I-Supercharging, eyake yabhekwa njengekhethekile kumamodeli aphezulu, kubonakala sengathi izinkampani zezimoto ezimbalwa ezisazimisele ukuyikhuluma, futhi njengoba kushabalala amamodeli amakhulu asuswayo, ukushaja kwemishini kungase kuphele maduze.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-06-2024
